看来斯坦福大学计算机系2个月前的文章很有指导意义呀。 扔硬币其实不是50-50的。 结论是 We prove that vigorously-flipped coins are biased to come up the same way they started. 同学们要相信科学阿！
Abstract
We analyze the natural process of flipping a coin which is caught in the hand. We prove that vigorously-flipped coins are biased to come up the same way they started. The amount of bias depends on a single parameter,the angle between the normal to the coin and the angular momentum vector. Measurements of this parameter based on high-speed photography are reported. For natural flips,the chance of coming up as started is about .51.
[PDF] DYNAMICAL BIAS IN THE COIN TOSS
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